Concerns about the H5N1 influenza virus, or bird flu, have increased following reports of infected wild birds and mammals in Ontario. While H5N1 primarily affects birds, there have been rare cases of cats and dogs contracting the virus. Pet owners should stay informed and take necessary precautions to protect their pets.
What Is H5N1 and How Does It Affect Pets?
H5N1 is a strain of avian influenza primarily affecting wild birds. The virus spreads through saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. Cats and dogs can become infected through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated areas. Once in the body, H5N1 targets the respiratory system, causing symptoms like coughing, nasal discharge, fever, neurologic signs and lethargy. The clinical disease is primarily reported in cats. While the risk to pets is low, it’s still important to take steps to reduce exposure.
Concerns About Raw Pet Food, Dairy, and Recalls:
Recent recalls of raw pet foods containing poultry due to potential H5N1 contamination have raised concerns. Pet owners should check for recalls and consider switching to a cooked diet ideally or eliminating poultry from the raw component. Concerns also exist for transmission of H5N1 from birds to dairy cattle and caution should also be used when considering using any raw or unpasteurized dairy for animal or human consumption. Visit www.wormsandgermsblog.com by infectious disease specialist Dr. Scott Weese for more information.
How to Reduce the Risk of Exposure:
- Take down bird feeders to reduce attracting infected birds.
- Keep cats indoors to prevent hunting birds, which could expose them to infected animals.
- Reduce outdoor time for pets in bird-heavy areas, especially during migratory bird seasons.
- Wash hands after handling pets, particularly if they’ve been outside.
Dr. Karnikaa Katyal, DVM
*This article was originally featured in The Ilderton Villager in March 2025.
